Elder abuse is a sad reality. With World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, observed on Saturday, 15 June, it is emphasised that elder abuse is a violation of human rights and a significant cause of injury, illness, lost productivity, isolation and despair.
Elder abuse can be defined as “a single, repeated act, or lack of appropriate action occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, causing harm or distress to an older person”.
In South Africa, approximately one in ten older adults aged 65 years and older have experienced some form of abuse, with the most common forms reported financial and emotional.
Abusers are often family members or individuals in a trusted relationship with the elderly.
Recognising the signs
Physical abuse:
unexplained injuries such as bed sores, bruises, burns, cuts, scars, and fractures; withdrawal from normal activities, difficulty sleeping, mood swings; and signs of malnutrition or unexplained weight loss.
Emotional or psychological abuse:
behavioural signs like anxiety, depression, or confusion; social withdrawal or fearfulness; and observable behaviours such as rocking back and forth.
Financial abuse: sudden loss of assets or unexplained financial transactions; and changes in financial habits or patterns.
Neglect: poor personal hygiene or living conditions; lack of medical aids (glasses, walker, false teeth, hearing aid, medications); and indicators of malnutrition.Contributing factors
Power and control: abuse often arises from exerting power over elders, influenced by family dynamics or caregiver roles; and ageism can play a role, where seniors are seen as less worthy of respect.
Addiction issues: substance abuse, including drugs, alcohol, or gambling, can lead to neglect or abusive behaviour; and caregivers with addiction may fail in their duties, harming the elderly.
Mental health problems: caregivers’ mental health issues can affect their caregiving capacity; and stress and mental disorders can lead to harmful behaviours.
Cycle of family violence: elder abuse may continue a pattern of violence within families; and generational cycles of abuse need to be addressed and stopped.
Financial exploitation: financial pressures or greed can lead to exploitation; and theft, forgery, and manipulation of assets are common forms of financial abuse.
Neglect: caregiver burnout or insufficient resources can potentially result in neglect; and seniors’ basic needs must be met to ensure their well-being.Prevention is key
Stay connected: maintain regular contact through visits or calls; and encourage proximity to family for frequent support.
Monitor caregivers: carefully select and supervise caregivers; and be alert to signs of abuse, such as physical injuries or emotional changes.
Educate: learn about the types of elder abuse and their signs.
Address risk factors: tackle individual issues like mental health and substance abuse; and foster positive relationships and social networks.Take immediate action
Contact authorities and report concerns to the police or Department of Social Development, and seek assistance from social workers.
Call the toll-free national Elder Abuse helpline: 0800-10-111-0.
– Marthie Trollip, Famsa
